The U.S. Merchant Marine, often called the “Fourth Arm of Defense,” is a vital component of America’s maritime capabilities. While not a formal branch of the military, the Merchant Marine supports national defense and the economy by transporting goods, supplies, and personnel worldwide.
The origins of the Merchant Marine trace back to the earliest days of the United States. During the Revolutionary War, merchant sailors risked their lives running British blockades to deliver supplies to the Continental Army. Over the centuries, Merchant Mariners have consistently answered the nation’s call, from transporting troops and supplies during World War II to supporting military operations in the Gulf Wars and beyond.
Merchant Mariners operate under the U.S. Department of Transportation’s Maritime Administration (MARAD). They man commercial cargo ships, tankers, and passenger vessels. In times of war or emergency, their ships can be activated under the Military Sealift Command. Their unofficial motto, “In Peace and War,” reflects their dual role in commerce and defense.
During World War II, the Merchant Marine’s contributions were unparalleled. Merchant ships carried nearly 270 billion tons of cargo, including food, ammunition, and equipment to Allied forces worldwide. These missions were not without peril— Merchant Mariners faced U-boat attacks, air raids, and mines, suffering a higher casualty rate than any other service branch. Despite these sacrifices, their bravery often went unrecognized until decades later.
Today, the Merchant Marine ensures the smooth flow of goods critical to the U.S. economy, with over 200 ships in operation and thousands of skilled mariners. Their work supports global trade and national security, maintaining America’s standing as a maritime power.
Nicknames like “Sailors of the Economy” and “Maritime Patriots” reflect the pride and dedication of those who serve. A cornerstone of their tradition is the U.S. Merchant Marine Academy (USMMA) in Kings Point, New York, which trains future officers. Graduates often serve in the Merchant Marine and as reserve officers in the Armed Forces.
One unique aspect of the Merchant Marine is the “Ready Reserve Fleet,” a group of ships maintained for rapid deployment during crises. Merchant Mariners’ contributions in wartime have earned them veteran status under specific circumstances, acknowledging their sacrifices.
From navigating stormy seas to delivering critical cargo in conflict zones, the U.S. Merchant Marine stands as a testament to the resilience and ingenuity of America’s mariners. To the men and women who keep the world moving: thank you for your service, and may your voyages always be safe and successful.
Brad Anderson and Melissa Crandall are the Lake County Veterans Service Officers and can be reached at 218.834.8326 or cvso@co.lake.mn.us
Karen Christianson is the Cook County Veterans Service Officer and can be reached at 218.387.3639, or karen.christianson@co.cook.mn.us
